What Are The Risks If Pneumonia Occurs During Pregnancy? See What Experts Say

Pneumonia, an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, poses particular risks during this time.

Risks If Pneumonia Occurs During Pregnancy

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Pregnancy is a special time in a woman's life when her body goes through many physical changes that can affect her immune system and overall health and become more susceptible to infections. Pneumonia, an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, poses particular risks during this time. According to Dr Krutika Ramdin who is a Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology at SRV Hospitals - Goregaon, "Pregnant women who contact pneumonia experience more severe symptoms than non-pregnant individuals."

"This is because the growing uterus can put pressure on the diaphragm, reducing lung capacity and making it harder to breathe thus hampering the oxygen supply for the body. Hormonal changes and a shift in immune function can impair the body's ability to fend off pathogens. It can also have detrimental effects on the developing fetus as pneumonia can lead to reduced oxygen supply to the baby, potentially causing fetal distress, preterm birth, and even intra uterine demise in severe cases. In serious conditions a pregnant women can suffer complications like a septic shock, respiratory failure and may also need ventilatory support, prolonged stay in the hospital and ICU. These complications can have dire consequences for both the mother and the unborn child.Those who are known case of bronchial asthma have more detrimental effect," she added.

Symptoms:

Dr Paparao Nadakuduru, Internal Medicine, at Citizens Specialty Hospital, Hyderabad said, "Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be a cause for concern if it develops during pregnancy. While it can affect pregnant women in much the same way as non-pregnant individuals, there are unique considerations and potential risks that need to be addressed."

Talking about the symptoms he said, "When pneumonia occurs during pregnancy, the symptoms are similar to those experienced by non-pregnant individuals. These symptoms may include fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and a productive cough with mucus. However, due to pregnancy-related changes in the body, some symptoms like breathlessness may be more pronounced."

Preventive Measures Of Pneumonia For Pregnant Women:

The management of pneumonia in pregnant women is challenging due to the limited number of safe medications and treatment options. However there are preventative measures which can reduce the risk of pneumonia during pregnancy as suggested  by Dr Krutika Ramdin.

• Annual flu vaccinations are recommended for pregnant women, as influenza can increase the risk of pneumonia.
• Proper hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette can help prevent the spread of infections.
• Avoiding close contact with sick individuals is crucial to reduce the risk of exposure to pathogens.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment by the gynaecologist and chest physician is at most necessary to ensure the best possible outcome for both mother and baby.

In addition, Dr Pujan Parikh, who is a Consultant -Pulmonary Medicine, at Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital said, "Frequent hand washing, regular exercise, nutritious food, no smoking, avoiding contact with sick patients, are certain ways to minimise risk of contracting pneumonia. Flu vaccination is also one of the important components in preventing pneumonia infection. Flu vaccine can also protect the baby from the flu after birth for up to 6 months. Anyone who develops a cold or flu during pregnancy should consult doctor as early as possible. Complications can be prevented by diagnosing and treating the illness early. Early diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, vaccinations have lowered risk of complication in pregnant women. Most women who receive treatment quickly do not experience complications and will have a healthy pregnancy and newborn."

Management Of Pneumonia During Pregnancy:

Dr. C S Mythreyi who is a Senior Consultant - Obstetrics & Gynecology at Madhukar Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Delhi said, "Pneumonia should be diagnosed and treated early to prevent complications. Breathing difficulties, fever, coughing, and chest pain are common symptoms in expectant mothers. Blood tests and chest X-rays are useful diagnostic tools."

"The treatment for pneumonia during pregnancy depends on the type of infection. If one has bacterial pneumonia, then doctors usually prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics are generally safe to take during pregnancy, but it is important to speak to your doctor about the specific antibiotic recommendation.  If one has viral pneumonia, then there is no specific treatment, but the doctor may recommend over-the-counter medications to relieve your symptoms. Also, In some cases, one may need to be hospitalized for supportive care, such as oxygen therapy," she added.

Monitoring And Support:

Dr Paparao Nadakuduru said, "Pregnant women with pneumonia require close medical supervision. They may need supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluids, and medications to reduce fever and ease symptoms. The healthcare team will carefully assess the mother's and baby's condition throughout the treatment process."

Post-Pneumonia Care:

According to Dr Paparao Nadakuduru, "After recovering from pneumonia, pregnant women should continue to receive regular prenatal care to monitor the ongoing health of both the mother and the fetus. It's essential to address any potential complications or lingering respiratory issues that may arise."

Pneumonia during pregnancy is a serious concern that requires immediate medical attention. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to protect the health of the mother and the developing fetus. Early intervention and effective management can help reduce the risks associated with pneumonia, ensuring a healthier pregnancy and positive outcomes for both mother and baby.

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]