Breast Cancer Awareness Month: What Happens If Breast Cancer Is Diagnosed During Pregnancy? See What Experts Say

Breast cancer diagnosis during pregnancy exemplifies the delicate act of balancing between maternal health and foetal well-being. T

Breast Cancer Diagnosis During Pregnancy

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Breast cancer diagnosis during pregnancy is a rare but challenging situation. The physical, mental, and emotional effects of cancer treatment can be significant, and there is always a concern for the well-being of the foetus. According to Dr Sushil Kumar who is an MBBS, MS, and a Visiting Consultant, at Madhukar Rainbow Children’s Hospital, "Breast cancer diagnosis during pregnancy exemplifies the delicate act of balancing between maternal health and foetal well-being. This complex interaction requires a multidisciplinary approach, with early detection being the key to timely and tailored actions. Diagnostic technologies such as ultrasonography, MRI, and biopsy must be carefully balanced against any potential risks to the foetus.

Impact On Mother And Child If Breast Cancer Is Diagnosed During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a time of excitement and expectation, full of hopes of becoming a mother and nurturing a new life. When breast cancer enters the scene, the scenario becomes more complicated and emotionally intense.

Dr. Varini N – who is a Senior Consultant - Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, at Milann Fertility & Birthing Hospital, Kumarapark, Bangalore said, "Being diagnosed with breast cancer is one of the hurdles that women may experience during this transforming journey. According to the National Cancer Institute, breast cancer has become the most frequent cancer in pregnant and postpartum women, affecting around one in every 3,000 women."

"A diagnosis during pregnancy provides new problems, affecting not only the mother's physical and mental well-being but also prompting concerns about the unborn child's health and development. When treating a pregnant woman with breast cancer, the goal is the same as it is when treating a non-pregnant woman: to cure the cancer if possible or to control and prevent it from spreading if it cannot be cured. However, there is the added worry of protecting a developing fetus," added Dr. Varini.

Here, let’s delve into some of the impacts on the mother-to-be and developing baby if breast cancer is diagnosed during pregnancy as listed by the doctor:

Impact on the mother-to-be

• Treatment Decision: A breast cancer diagnosis during pregnancy can have a significant impact on both the mother and the child. In this context, making decisions about treatment such as surgical procedures, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy becomes very complicated when the health of both mother and child is involved. As a result, it is important to carefully consider the timing of the breast cancer treatment in order to minimize any potential harm to an unborn child.
• Emotional distress: Pregnancy brings about both physical and mental changes, and expecting mothers who are also battling breast cancer may experience emotional distress. It is critical for them to have a support system consisting of medical professionals, friends, and family who are aware of the challenges. Mental health support is crucial in helping them deal with the emotional impact of the diagnosis, the difficult decisions regarding treatment, and the uncertainty of the future. Therefore, managing stress and maintaining a positive outlook are essential components of their journey.

Influence on newborn babies

• Development Issues: Undeniably, the influence of breast cancer diagnosis during pregnancy extends beyond the emotional realm. This is where not only does it affect the mother emotionally, but it can also affect the baby's growth and development. Although, chemotherapy or radiotherapy are never advised during pregnancy, in some circumstances where women has advanced stage of breast cancer such treatments may become necessary to save their lives. In such situations, either termination of pregnancy or preterm delivery may be advised. Additionally, if the mother is unable to breastfeed due to breast cancer or its treatment, the baby may miss out on essential nutrients and antibodies necessary for their overall development.
• Premature Birth: During pregnancy, both the mother's health and the baby's well-being are important factors to consider. However, among various impacts, breast cancer may increase the risk of premature birth - when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy - which can cause health complications for the newborn and developmental challenges in the long term. 

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Breast Cancer During Pregnancy:

Dr. Ajay Phadke who is the Director, of Strategy and Business Development, at Agilus Diagnostics Ltd said, "Diagnosing breast cancer during pregnancy is a unique and complex situation, balancing the health of both mother and baby. While relatively rare, early detection is vital. Pregnant women should continue self-exams and clinical breast checks and promptly report any changes. Diagnostic tests like mammograms, performed after the first trimester with fetal protection, and biopsies, using local anesthesia, help confirm the diagnosis."

"Collaboration between oncologists, obstetricians, and neonatologists is essential in this complex relationship between cancer treatment and pregnancy. The stage of the cancer, the gestational age, and the mother's general health must all be taken into account while creating a treatment strategy. It may be necessary to use surgical, chemotherapeutic, or radiological methods, all with the same objective: to increase the likelihood that both the mother and child will recover successfully," added Dr Sushil Kumar.

Fertility Preservation Options for Breast Cancer Patients: 

Dr. Priyanka Reddy, who is a Consultant Fertility specialist, at Motherhood Fertility & IVF, HRBR & Indiranagar Bangalore said, "Fertility preservation is a crucial aspect of healthcare, especially for mothers-to-be facing treatments like cancer that might jeopardize their dreams of having children. It includes techniques like preserving eggs and storing embryos, providing hope for future family joys, and comforting reassurance during challenging times. Treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation, often needed to combat diseases like breast cancer, can cast shadows on fertility. Therefore, understanding the importance of fertility preservation and knowing the available methods is like a ray of hope for women who wish to secure their chances of having children."

Fertility preservation holds immense importance for women who aspire to become mothers. There are several compelling reasons why fertility preservation matters for future moms-to-be as listed by the doctor:

• Medical Treatments: Women may face treatments like chemotherapy or radiation to combat illnesses like cancer. These treatments can have adverse effects on fertility, making it crucial to preserve their reproductive options.
• Family Planning: Many women strongly desire to build families, and family planning is essential to their life goals. Fertility preservation ensures they can fulfill this dream despite facing health challenges.
• Mental Well-being: Fertility preservation provides peace of mind and reassurance. Women can face medical treatments and life's uncertainties with confidence, knowing they have safeguarded their ability to have children.

Here are the available Fertility Preservation Techniques mentioned by her:

• Egg Freezing: Preserve eggs for later use.
• Embryo Freezing: Freeze embryos created through IVF.
• Ovarian Tissue Freezing: Experimental technique involving ovarian tissue preservation.
• Ovarian Suppression: Medications to temporarily suppress ovarian function.
• Gonadal Shielding: Protect ovaries during radiation therapy.
• Surrogacy: Another woman carries the pregnancy.

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]