Health Advice: 'Brain Fog' Is More Than Forgetfulness, See A Doctor If You Get Frequent Episodes Of Mental Confusion

Brain fog, characterised by forgetfulness, fatigue, and unfocused thoughts, may indicate underlying neurological conditions. Prompt medical attention is crucial.

Brain fog is often caused by stress or fatigue, but frequent episodes should not be ignored.

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Dr Praveen Gupta

Have you ever struggled to recall a word, felt your mind slow down, or experienced a hazy, unfocused state? These moments of "brain fog" may seem harmless, but they could hint at something deeper.

Brain fog isn’t just about forgetfulness or fatigue — it’s a signal from your brain that deserves attention. While it’s often triggered by factors like stress, lack of sleep, or overworking, it can also be an early sign of underlying neurological conditions. 

As we age, changes in our brain’s structure and function naturally occur, making it harder to process and retrieve information. However, persistent brain fog can point to more serious concerns.

Pseudodementia is a disorder in which people exhibit symptoms comparable to dementia but are not suffering from it. They may have difficulties concentrating, speaking and communicating, recovering words, remembering, and organizing, making decisions, or planning activities.

Parkinson's disease (PD), Multiple sclerosis (MS), dementia, and stroke are among neurological disorders that affect cognitive abilities and can result in brain fog. Each of these illnesses has a distinct impact on the brain, contributing to cognitive impairments and causing brain fog as a significant symptom. 

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system no longer recognizes parts of the CNS as self.  As a result, the immune system might penetrate the CNS and assault the nerves. This disorder affects cognitive functioning, causing brain fog as well as other symptoms including weariness and mobility issues. 

Parkinson's disease is defined by the slow loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, which causes physical symptoms such as tremors and stiffness, but can also cause cognitive abnormalities such as memory issues, difficulty paying attention, and difficulty problem solving. 

Dementia refers to a group of neurological illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease, that progressively degrade cognitive function. Dementia is a general reduction in cognitive ability that typically affects short-term memory (learning/recalling new information) as well as another cognitive function (or more), such as a decline in executive skills (organization, decision making), language, or visual-spatial abilities.

A stroke can cause brain cells to die due to a shortage of oxygen and nutrients caused by an abrupt halt in blood flow. 

Brain fog can be a short- or long-term impact of a stroke, resulting in memory problems, confusion, and trouble comprehending or expressing language, depending on its location and intensity. 

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How To Prevent Brain Fog 

Brain fog can be brought about by a variety of causes ranging from medical treatments to neurological conditions. While it may sometimes be linked to something as simple as stress, but frequent or persistent episodes should not be ignored as they may indicate an underlying neurological issue.

Early detection and management for neurological diseases is critical in reducing illness development and successfully controlling cognitive symptoms. Lifestyle changes such as regular physical and cognitive exercise, as well as stress management approaches, can help to preserve cognitive performance and relieve brain fog. 

If you suspect you or a loved one experiences brain fog on regular occasions, it is essential to seek prompt medical attention sooner than later to rule out a neurological condition like MS, Parkinson’s, or dementia. 

Dr Praveen Gupta is the Principal Director & Chief of Neurology at Fortis Hospital, Gurgaon.

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]