Delhi pollution and the farce of errors

A choking blanket of smog enveloped the national capital this week, prompting the authorities to announce closure of A choking blanket of smog enveloped the national capital this week, prompting the authorities to announce closure of schools till Sunday. Photo: AFP

There’s an old story, often attributed to Birbal, but it may be a generic parable. The story goes that Birbal was once walking around Delhi at night. He saw a man under a street lamp desperately hunting for something on the ground. Birbal asked him what he was doing. The man replied that he’d dropped his valuable ring and was hunting for it. His wife would be furious if he went back home without it. This was a serious matter so Birbal and his bodyguards joined the search. Finally, after about fifteen minutes of futile hunting, Birbal went back to first principles. He asked the man exactly where he had dropped the ring. The man then pointed to a dark corner across the street. Birbal was mystified. He asked the man why he was looking in the wrong place. The man replied that the light was better near the street lamp. This story is an apt description of the official response to the air pollution crisis in Delhi. As many of you may be aware, the National Capital Region of India is currently enveloped in a thick blanket of toxic smog. The sun is hidden behind a cloud of grey, visibility is low and some areas of the city look like the day after the Apocalypse. The air quality indices are off the charts, and in some areas pollutants have been over 30 times the levels considered safe by World Health Organisation. The Indian Medical Association has declared a national health emergency. It has issued advisories to the citizens to stay indoors as the high concentration of particle matter (PM) 2.5 in the air makes it hazardous to even go out for a walk. This state of emergency woke the Delhi Government from its stupor and drastic measures were put in place. These included shutting schools for a few days, sprinkling water to settle dust, levying exorbitant parking fees and rolling out a tried and failed system of car rationing, popularly known as the odd-even scheme. The formula is that on odd days, cars with odd numbered registration plates would be allowed on the road. On even days the even numbered cars would be allowed to ply.  This scheme has now become a metaphor for the manner in which most crises are handled — political grandstanding and tokenism, rather than finding real solutions. As many of you may be aware, the odd-even scheme was tried last year. Subsequent scientific data by researchers of IIT Kanpur and other institutions indicate that the experiment was a failure. It improved the flow of traffic in some measure but did little to reduce pollution. This is not surprising as private vehicles account for a very small percentage of the pollution. In addition, the impact was diluted by various populist exemptions. For instance, two wheelers and VIP cars were exempt. Do these vehicles produce less fumes? Women drivers were exempt. Was there data to show that when women drive cars, they cause less pollution? Children below 12 travelling with women were exempt. Does that meanchildren travelling with men pollute more? These are just some examples of the arbitrary absurdity. Sadly sections of the elite opinion-makers applauded the move. The odd-even scheme suited them just fine. Many have more than one vehicle or are exempt under the VIP clause. Most have never used the public transport that they so vocally advocate, and have no idea of the ground reality. Less traffic on the roads meant less congestion for them to travel to and from their usual watering holes like Khan Market, India Habitat Center and Delhi Golf Club, where incidentally exorbitant parking charges do not apply. And if things got really bad, they had the means to take the next flight out of the city to rest their lungs. This self-centered approach meant that people who had the power to affect change, expended their limited energy in supporting a farce, instead of rising up in arms to demand long term, far reaching solutions. In effect, they gave the administration a free pass. Mercifully for once the National Green Tribunal called out the odd-even scheme for the sham it was. It stuck down the arbitrary exemptions. Fearing a backlash, the Delhi Government promptly rolled back the move and admitted what was known all along — that there is just not enough public transport to take the load. Going forward, we know that Delhi's pollution woes are caused by a variety of factors, which include construction dust, industrial and vehicular pollution, garbage burning, and stubble burning in the neighbouring States. The stagnant winds during winter worsen the problem. The Delhi Administration needs to work with the neighbouring State Governments to address thei ssues of stubble-burning and dust. It has to focus on paving surfaces, undertaking greening of spaces on a mass scale, investing in pedestrian networks for last mile connectivity to public transport, and managing industrial waste, road dust and construction sites. Unfortunately, all these measures require long-term planning and implementation, coordination between various stakeholders, and potentially unpopular political decisions. Moreover, traffic congestion and parking woes are genuine issues that need to be addressed. However, clubbing them with the current crisis and coming up with knee-jerk solutions is counter-productive. It diverts attention and resources from serious discussion. For now the administration seems to be banking on the fact that public memory is short. The stubble-burning will stop once planting begins, the winds turn, and the pollution will reduce automatically. They just need to tide over till then by tinkering with short-term non-solutions and manage optics. Smita Barooah is a columnist and blogger who comments on current affairs. She tweets at @smitabarooah ) Disclaimer: The opinions, beliefs and views expressed by the various authors and forum participants on this website are personal and do not reflect the opinions, beliefs and views of ABP News Network Pvt Ltd.