Childhood Leukaemia: Know Types, Symptoms And Treatment Of The Cancer Affecting Blood, Bone Marrow

Childhood leukaemia is a complex condition that requires comprehensive medical care and support. Advancements in treatment have significantly improved outcomes.

Childhood leukaemia stands as the most common type of cancer in children and adolescents.

Source : Canva

By Dr Priti Mehta

Childhood leukaemia, a type of cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow, remains a significant health concern worldwide. Leukaemia originates in the immature blood cells, leading to an overproduction of the abnormal white blood cells. It stands as the most common type of cancer in children and adolescents, and poses a formidable challenge for families and healthcare systems. This disease undermines the body's ability to fight infections and can adversely affect other vital functions.

Understanding childhood leukaemia is not just about grasping its medical definitions; it's about comprehending the multifaceted journey that patients and their families embark upon—from diagnosis through treatment and beyond. Here is a look at things one should know about the disease, its complexities, types, causes, symptoms, and the latest advancements in treatment. 

Types of Childhood Leukaemia: Acute Vs. Chronic

Childhood leukaemia is broadly categorised into two main types: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). ALL is the most common type, accounting for approximately 75% of cases, while AML is less prevalent but tends to have a poorer prognosis. Both types require prompt diagnosis and specialised treatment for optimal outcomes.

Signs And Symptoms: The Red Flags

Early detection of childhood leukaemia is crucial for timely intervention. Common signs and symptoms may include persistent fatigue, unexplained bruising or bleeding, recurrent infections, bone pain, and swollen lymph nodes. However, it's essential to note that these symptoms can vary widely among individuals, highlighting the importance of medical evaluation for any concerning symptoms.

Diagnosis And Treatment

Diagnosing childhood leukaemia typically involves blood tests, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy to assess the extent of the disease. Once diagnosed, treatment strategies may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation, tailored to the specific type and stage of leukaemia.

Prognosis And Survivorship

Advancements in treatment have significantly improved outcomes for children with leukaemia, with overall survival rates exceeding 90% for some subtypes of the disease. However, long-term survivorship issues, such as late effects of treatment and psychosocial challenges, remain important considerations. Comprehensive survivorship programmes aim to address these concerns and support the holistic well-being of childhood Leukaemia survivors beyond their cancer treatment.

Awareness For Families

Childhood leukaemia is a complex condition that requires comprehensive medical care and support. By raising awareness and understanding the signs, diagnosis, and treatment options, we can comfort families dealing with the challenges of childhood leukaemia with confidence and resilience.

The author is a Consultant, Paediatric Haematology Oncology, at NHSRCC Children’s Hospital in Mumbai.

[Disclaimer: Information provided in this article is for general guidance only. Individual results may vary. It is important to consult a healthcare professional, who knows your body type and medical history, before implementing the suggestions and information provided herein.]