World Arthritis Day 2023: Relation Between Diabetes And Osteoarthritis

Orthopedic complications are aggravated due to chronic low-grade inflammation, commonly seen in diabetic patients.

Relation Between Diabetes And Osteoarthritis

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Osteoarthritis and diabetes are two interlinked health conditions that raise major concerns. In India, the prevalence of osteoarthritis in adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is quite some, indicating a significant number of affected individuals. It is necessary to understand the relationship between these two medical conditions.

In this regard, Dr. Girish Parmar, who is a Senior Consultant, Diabetology, at Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai said, "Understanding the link between Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and osteoarthritis is crucial, especially since India is considered a diabetes capital of the world. Orthopaedic complications are aggravated due to chronic low-grade inflammation, commonly seen in diabetic patients. This persistent inflammatory condition quickens the degeneration of joint cartilage, which is the primary cause of osteoarthritis. Moreover, the metabolic conditions associated with diabetes can affect the joints, making them more susceptible to wear and tear."

"Additionally, as the prevalence of obesity has also risen substantially in India, both conditions will also be on the rise as it is a major risk factor for both conditions. Thus, it is essential to draft comprehensive care strategies that simultaneously tackle blood sugar regulation and joint health to tackle this dual health risk," he added.

Speaking on the same lines, Dr. Sagarika Mukherjee, who is a Consultant - Endocrinology & Diabetes, at Manipal Hospital, Salt Lake, Kolkata said, "Both diabetes and osteoarthritis can worsen from middle age onwards. Obesity is a common risk factor for both osteoarthritis and diabetes. Having diabetes can worsen the status of osteoarthritis especially when associated with obesity. Besides osteoarthritis, there are other inflammatory arthritis that can also be associated with diabetes like Rheumatoid Arthritis. Maintaining a lifestyle through a healthy diet and regular physical exercise so that you can optimize your weight can keep your diabetes and osteoarthritis under control. Eating healthy, staying active, and keeping an eye on your blood sugar levels are essential steps."

Lastly, Dr. B Vikas Reddy, who is an MS (Orthopaedics), and Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, at Omni Hospitals said, "In the case of type 1 diabetes, which often manifests at a tender age, bone mass is still in the process of development. This delayed onset of diabetes can potentially result in lower peak bone mass—the maximum strength and density that bones attain—compared to the general population. Consequently, this reduced peak bone mass may increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis later in life."

Diet And Nutrition For People Suffering From Osteoarthritis:

Dr. Sumeet Agarwal, who is the Head of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology at Artemis Hospitals, Gurugram said, "Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint condition characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Although diet and nutrition alone cannot cure OA, but they can play a significant role in managing symptoms and improving overall joint health."

Here's a comprehensive guide to diet and nutrition for people suffering from osteoarthritis suggested by him:

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: One of the most important aspects of managing OA is maintaining a healthy weight. Excess body weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips. Losing weight through a balanced diet can help in reducing pain and slow down the progression of OA.

• Consume Anti-Inflammatory Foods: Foods rich in anti-inflammatory properties can help in reducing inflammation in the joints. Include plenty of fruits and vegetables in your diet, particularly those rich in antioxidants like berries, leafy greens, and citrus fruits. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts also have anti-inflammatory effects.

• Include Calcium and Vitamin D: These nutrients are essential for bone health. Dairy products, fortified foods, leafy greens, and supplements can ensure you get an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D to support joint health and prevent bone loss.

• Stay Hydrated: Proper hydration is needed for joint function. Water helps to cushion and lubricate joints. 

• Limit Sugar and Processed Foods: Excessive sugar intake and highly processed foods can promote inflammation and weight gain. Reducing or eliminating sugary beverages, snacks, and processed foods from your diet can be beneficial.

• Manage Portion Sizes: Eating in moderation can help in controlling weight and prevent excessive calorie intake. Be mindful of portion sizes to avoid overeating.

• Consider Supplements: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements are known choices for some OA patients, as they may help in protecting and repairing cartilage. However, consult with your healthcare provider before starting any supplements.

• Spices and Herbs: Certain spices and herbs, like turmeric and ginger, have anti-inflammatory properties and may provide relief from OA symptoms. Incorporate them into your cooking or consider dietary supplements with these ingredients.

• Eat a Balanced Diet: Take a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrients. Consult a registered dietitian or healthcare provider for personalized dietary recommendations tailored to your specific needs and preferences.

• Listen to Your Body: Pay attention to how your body responds to different foods. Certain foods may trigger OA symptoms in some individuals. Maintaining a food journal can help identify potential triggers.

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]