What Is Glaucoma? Know Types, Risk Factors, Treatment, And Myths Prevailing Around It

Glaucoma, if left untreated, may also cause vision loss slowly over a long period of time, thereby the moniker 'silent thief of sight'.

Know Types, Risk Factors, Treatment, And Myths Prevailing Around Glaucoma (Representational Image)

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Glaucoma is said to be the second leading cause of blindness after cataract, and the leading cause of irreversible blindness. It is a group of eye diseases that damages the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Glaucoma, if left untreated, may also cause vision loss slowly over a long period of time, thereby the moniker 'silent thief of sight'.

Types Of Glaucoma:

Adult onset glaucoma is grossly classified into open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma, which are again sub-classified into primary and secondary form.

According to Dr Avijit Paul of Disha Eye Hospitals, "Open angle glaucoma usually presents with no symptoms early in the course of the disease However, it may gradually progress to affect vision. Acute angle closure glaucoma, a medical emergency due to the risk of impending permanent vision loss, is characterized by sudden ocular pain, seeing halos around lights, red eye, very high intraocular pressure, nausea and vomiting, and suddenly decreased vision. In such case patient needs urgent treatment."

Talking about the sub-categories, Dr Paul added, "In primary form no obvious cause is found and in secondary form history of ocular trauma, use of steroid medications in any form in the treatment of other disease are important."

Glaucoma may also be developed immediately after birth or in infancy which is known as congenital or infantile glaucoma.

"If there is watering, intolerance to light, forceful closure of eyelid, cornea size apparently large and hazy parents should go to eye doctor early and prompt treatment is necessary," said Dr. Paul.

Risk Factors Of Glaucoma:

Dr Avijit Paul said, "Risk factors are elevated intraocular pressure, advancing age, family history, refractive errors and perhaps presence of certain systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension."

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Glaucoma:

Once glaucoma is been diagnosed patient should strictly follow the treatment and should do regular follow-up as per doctor’s recommendation. If there is family history all the members should do regular eye check-up to rule out glaucoma 

"Treatment options are topical anti-glaucoma medications, laser and surgery. In adult onset glaucoma initial treatment is topical anti—glaucoma medications. Laser treatment is also considered in some situations. If  above failed then surgical intervention is considered," said Dr. Paul, adding, "In case of congenital or infantile glaucoma surgical treatment is considered first."

Ayurvedic Remedies For Glaucoma:

Ayurveda offers remedies that may restore normal eye function and some specific regimens for managing glaucoma. Mentioning some Ayurvedic remedies, Dr. Mandeep Singh Basu, Director, Dr. Basu Eye Hospital said the following:

• Netra Basti: This therapy involves pouring medicated ghee over the eyes, contained within a circular structure to prevent spillage. It helps remove toxins from the eyes and aids in the treatment of Glaucoma. 
• Light or Lamp Gazing (Tratak karma): This ancient practice involves focusing on a candle or earthen lamp to improve eye health and alleviate Glaucoma symptoms. The soothing golden rays emitted by the light can benefit your eyesight.
• Castor Oil: Applying a drop of castor oil to the eyes, along with massaging the soles of the feet with the oil, can help reduce the progression of Glaucoma and prevent eye damage. It can be used multiple times a day.
• Triphala: A combination of three fruits - amla, bibhitaki, and Haritaki - Triphala is known for its numerous health benefits. Whether administered as eye drops or ingested as a tonic, it has been effective in relieving eye strain, redness, and swelling associated with Glaucoma.
• Punarnava: The roots and leaves of Punarnava are renowned in Ayurveda for their efficacy in treating eye disorders. When powdered and mixed with Mamira, Punarnava root helps alleviate symptoms of Glaucoma, corneal ulcers, and night blindness. Additionally, the plant's leaves can be used to formulate ophthalmic lotions for various eye ailments.
• Mahatriphaladi Ghrita: Triphala is renowned for its beneficial effects on eye health, making it a valuable ingredient in ghee for ocular issues. This ghee is particularly effective in addressing conditions such as night blindness, darkening of vision, eye pain, poor eyesight, anemia, and bleeding. In cases where the eyes appear red due to heightened bile levels, resulting in eye swelling and sensitivity to light, consuming this ghee mixed with sugar candy, and using Triphala water to wash the eyes in the morning, can alleviate these symptoms. Regular consumption of this ghee is recommended for individuals with recurring eye problems. It not only treats eye ailments but also maintains eye health and enhances overall bodily strength.

5 Common Myths And Facts You Should Know About Glaucoma

According to World Health Organization (WHO), Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness across the globe. However, most people fall for various misconceptions surrounding glaucoma. Dr. Shibi Dev B N, Senior Consultant and HOD – Glaucoma, Nethradhama Super Speciality Eye Hospital, Jayanagar, Bangalore debunked some of them listed some of them and also unveiled the facts.

Myth 1: Glaucoma only affects the elderly population

Fact: While the incidence of glaucoma is comparatively higher among older people, it can affect individuals at any age. The increase in intraocular pressure leading to optic nerve damage can be due to multiple factors like genetics, high blood pressure, diabetes or eye injuries.

Myth 2: People with perfect vision do not develop glaucoma

Fact: Anyone can develop glaucoma, no matter how good or perfect their vision is currently. Individuals with 20/20 vision can still develop the disease, that is why glaucoma is known as the ‘Silent Thief of Vision’. Hence, it is important to get your eyes checked even if you do not have prescription glasses.

Myth 3: Glaucoma only affects one eye

Fact: Glaucoma can usually develop in both eyes, but pressure often elevates in one eye initially. The gradual increase in intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to changes in vision. In most cases, our peripheral vision is affected first and it eventually leads to tunnel vision in the advanced stages.

Myth 4: Excessive screen time and improper diet raises the risk of glaucoma

Fact: There's no scientific evidence linking excess screen time and improper diet to glaucoma. However, myopia (nearsightedness) patients may be at risk. 

Myth 5: If you develop glaucoma, you will become blind

Fact: Glaucoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness. Glaucoma could be prevented with early detection, diagnosis and prompt treatment. It can be controlled by eye drops and latest procedures like Trabeculoplasty and MIGS (Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery).

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]