Opinion: Understanding Prostate Cancer — Why Regular Screenings Can Save Lives

Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland, a small organ that produces seminal fluid. It is one of the most common types of cancer in men.

In India, an estimated 33,000 to 42,000 new cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed each year.

Source : Pixabay

Dr Bhavesh Parekh 

Every day, thousands of men worldwide face the silent threat of prostate cancer — a disease that often develops without obvious symptoms. The key to staying ahead of this threat is proactive health management through regular screenings as men age, especially those with a family history of prostate cancer. The importance of early detection cannot be overstated. Understanding when and how often to get screened could be the most crucial step you take towards safeguarding your health.

Understanding Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland, a small organ that produces seminal fluid. It is one of the most common types of cancer in men. Often, prostate cancer grows slowly and remains confined to the prostate, but some types can be more aggressive and spread rapidly. Early stages typically present no symptoms, making regular screenings essential. Without them, this silent disease could advance to more dangerous stages without any warning.

The Numbers Speak

According to the GLOBOCAN Report 2020, prostate cancer ranks as the second most prevalent cancer among men globally. In India, this disease poses a growing concern, with an estimated 33,000 to 42,000 new cases diagnosed each year, constituting about 3% of all cancer cases in India.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer anticipates a steep rise in these numbers, projecting that, by 2040, new cases could nearly double to approximately 71,000 annually. This alarming forecast underscores the need for heightened awareness and proactive health measures, including regular screenings to catch the disease early.

Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer

In its early stages, prostate cancer often does not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, as it progresses, the following symptoms may appear: 

• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Weak or interrupted urine flow
• Difficulty starting urination
• Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area
• Blood in urine or semen
• Erectile dysfunction

Risk Factors To Watch Out For

Several factors can increase the risk of developing prostate cancer:

1. Age: Men over 50 are at a higher risk, with the majority of cases diagnosed in those over 65
2. Family History: A man’s risk doubles if his father or brother has had prostate cancer
3. Ethnicity: Indian and African men have a higher incidence rate for prostate cancer than men of other ethnicities
4. Lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and a diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables can contribute to the risk

When And How Often Should You Get Screened?

The guidelines for prostate cancer screening vary based on age and risk factors:

• Men aged 50 and above should discuss screening options with their doctor, particularly if they are in good health and have a life expectancy of at least 10 more years
• Men with a family history of prostate cancer should start conversations about screening earlier
• Men aged 40 with multiple first-degree relatives who have had prostate cancer should consider getting screened

The screening usually involves a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test and, in some cases, a Digital Rectal Exam (DRE). These tests are straightforward, quick, and can help detect the disease early when treatment is more likely to be successful. Connect with your healthcare provider to know more about these tests. 

Is Prevention Possible?

While no sure way exists to prevent prostate cancer, certain lifestyle changes can reduce your risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Regular physical activity and a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are essential
• Limit red meat and dairy: High consumption of these has been linked to increased prostate cancer risk
• Stay informed: Regularly consult your doctor about prostate health, especially if you have a higher risk

Prostate cancer might be a silent intruder, but with regular check-ups and proactive screenings, it doesn’t have to be a life sentence. Understanding your risks and being vigilant about your health can make all the difference. Remember, early detection is your best defence — don’t wait for symptoms to take action. Prioritise your health today for a healthier tomorrow.

The author is Head of Medical Oncology, Morengo CIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]