Nobel Prize in Physics 2022: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences jointly awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics to Alain Aspect, John F Clauser and Anton Zeilinger, on Tuesday, October 4, 2022. They won the Nobel Prize in Physics “for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science.”
The Nobel laureates have conducted groundbreaking experiments using entangled quantum states, where two particles behave like a single unit even when they are separated.
John Clauser built an apparatus that emitted two entangled photons at a time, each towards a filter that tested their polarisation. The results agreed with the predictions of quantum mechanics, according to an update by the Nobel Prize Organisation.
Alain Aspect developed a setup to close an important loophole, and was able to switch the measurement settings after an entangled pair had left its source.
Anton Zeilinger researched entangled quantum states.
History of Nobel Prize in Physics
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi, "for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems”.
Between 1901 and 2020, the Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded 115 times to 219 laureates. There is one scientist who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice — John Bardeen got it once in 1956, and then again in 1972.
Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. She won the Nobel Prize twice, the first time in physics in 1903, and the next time in chemistry in 1911.
Maria Goeppert-Mayer was the second woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics. She won the award at 57 years of age, for her work on the nuclear shell structure of atoms.