Gandhi said Modi's "silence" was "unacceptable" and it was "shameful" on the part of the government to leave the country's women unprotected and allow rapists to walk free.
He also said the country's head hung in shame as another of its daughters was brutally gangraped.
"India hangs its head in shame as another one of its daughters is brutally gangraped. Prime Minister, your silence is unacceptable. Shame on a government that leaves India's women unprotected and afraid and allows rapists to walk free," Gandhi wrote on Twitter.
The Congress President's remarks came as reports of a Class 10 girl being allegedly gangraped by fellow students at a boarding school surfaced from Dehradun.
In another case, the Haryana Police failed to nab the main accused in the gangrape of a student in Haryana's Rewari even after six days it was reported.
The rape survivor, a board exam topper hailing from Rewari, was abducted from a bus stop in Kanina town of Mahendragarh district on Wednesday when she was on her way to a coaching class.
She was allegedly drugged and gangraped in a room adjoining a tubewell in an agricultural field, the police had said.