He was received by the Governor of Riyadh Prince Faisal bin Bandar bin Abdulaziz and accorded a ceremonial welcome.
The Prime Minster will be meeting Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud's son, Prince Mohammad bin Salman, who many diplomats and Saudis feel could be the future monarch.
Prime Minister Modi is the fourth Indian Prime Minister to visit Saudi Arabia after Manmohan Singh in 2010, Indira Gandhi in 1982 and Jawaharlal Nehru in 1956.
During his meetings with the Saudi leadership, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to focus on counter-terrorism initiatives and ways to ensure the greater involvement of Indian companies in upstream and downstream oil, gas and hydrocarbon sector projects.