World COPD Day 2023: How Is Air Quality Related To COPD? See What Experts Say

The prevalence of COPD is quite high, and it is often underreported. It is crucial to understand the connection between COPD and the quality of the air we breathe. 

How Air Quality Is Related To COPD

Source : Getty

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a complex and debilitating respiratory condition. It has a profound association with air quality. The prevalence of COPD is quite high, and it is often underreported. It is crucial to understand the connection between COPD and the quality of the air we breathe. 

 

In this regard, Dr. Sandeep Jain, who is a Consultant of Pulmonology, at Narayana Hospital, Howrah said, "COPD primarily encompasses two major components: chronic bronchitis and emphysema, both of which lead to persistent airflow limitation. Air quality plays a pivotal role in exacerbating these conditions."

What is Poor Air Quality? 

Dr Pavan Yadav who is a Lead consultant, at Interventional Pulmonology &Lung transplantation (Aster RV Hospital) said, "Air quality is assessed based on the concentration of pollutants it contains, including particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and lead. Poor air quality is characterised by high levels of these pollutants, which can result from various sources such as vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and natural events like wildfires."

"The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a commonly used metric to quantify air quality. An AQI value over 100 is generally considered to be unhealthy for sensitive groups, including COPD patients," he added.

Poor Air Quality And Its Detrimental Impact On COPD Patients

"Poor air quality, characterized by high levels of particulate matter, airborne pollutants, and irritants, have detrimental effects on the management of COPD. Inhaling airborne particles such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can initiate a cascade of inflammatory responses in the airways. These irritants incite mucus production, airway constriction, and damage to the delicate alveoli, leading to worsening of air trapping and reduced gas exchange. Such events are particularly concerning for COPD patients, as their already compromised lung function is further compromised, leading to acute exacerbations," he went on to say.

 

In addition, Dr. Vigyan Mishra who is the Chief of Lab, at Neuberg Diagnostics said, "Particulate matter, originating from sources such as vehicle emissions and industrial processes, penetrates deep into the respiratory system, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. VOCs, released from various sources like paints and solvents, irritate airways and worsen COPD symptoms. Nitrogen oxides, predominantly from vehicle exhaust, can cause airway constriction and inflammation."

"Prolonged exposure to these pollutants can worsen COPD symptoms and accelerate disease progression. COPD patients exposed to air pollution experience more frequent exacerbations and hospitalizations. Additionally, pollution-induced oxidative stress further damages lung tissue and compromises the body's ability to repair itself," he added.

Strategies for COPD Patients:

Dr Pavan Yadav listed he following:

• Limit Outdoor Exposure:
• Avoid going outdoors when the AQI is high.
• If outdoor activity is unavoidable, try to limit the duration and intensity of exposure.
• Indoor Air Purification:
• Use air purifiers with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters to remove airborne particles.
• Keep windows closed to prevent the ingress of outdoor pollutants.
• Ventilation Management:
• Properly ventilate the home during times of good outdoor air quality.
• Use exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathroom to remove indoor air pollutants.
• Face Masks:
• Utilize N95 respirators when stepping outdoors, especially during smog or haze.
• Regular Medication:
• Always keep prescribed medications accessible.
• Use long-term control medicines as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
• Emergency Preparedness:
• Have an exacerbation action plan outlined in consultation with your healthcare provider.
• Keep an emergency kit that includes medications, nebulizers, and important contacts.
• Exercise Indoors:
• Opt for indoor exercise regimens like treadmill walking, stationary cycling, or guided breathing exercises.
• Nutritional Support:
• Maintain a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, which can help combat oxidative stress induced by pollutants.
• Regular Health Check-ups:
• Regular visits to healthcare providers for lung function tests and medication adjustments can aid in better COPD management in the face of poor air quality.
• Educational Empowerment:
• Equip yourself with knowledge about the latest research and recommendations on COPD management through trustworthy medical journals and consults with healthcare providers.

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]