By Dr Mrinal Sharma


Knee pain is a widespread issue affecting people of all ages. However, not every case of knee pain is caused by arthritis. In my over two decades of experience, I have encountered many instances in which the actual cause of knee pain was unrelated to arthritis. Understanding the symptoms of arthritis and other potential causes is crucial for identifying the source of the pain and seeking appropriate treatment.


What Are The Common Causes of Knee Pain?


Knee pain can result from various factors, including injury, overuse, or medical conditions.


Some common causes are:



  • Ligament Injuries: Damage to the knee ligaments, such as the ACL or MCL, often leads to sharp pain, swelling, and instability.

  • Tendinitis: Repetitive stress can cause tendinitis inflammation of the knee tendons, particularly in athletes or active individuals.

  • Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) around the knee can cause pain, swelling, and restricted movement.

  • Meniscal Tears: Tears in the meniscus, the cartilage surrounding the knee, can lead to pain, swelling, and a sensation of the knee locking or giving way.


These conditions require different treatments, making accurate diagnosis crucial for proper management.


What Is Arthritis?


Arthritis refers to joint inflammation and is a leading cause of knee pain.


The two most common types of arthritis affecting the knees are:



  • Osteoarthritis (OA): Often called wear-and-tear arthritis, OA is a degenerative condition where the cartilage in the knee gradually wears away, causing pain and stiffness.

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks joint linings; RA causes inflammation, pain, and joint deformity over time.


Key Symptoms Of Knee Arthritis


To differentiate arthritis from other causes of knee pain, look for the following key symptoms:


Persistent Pain and Stiffness: Arthritis-related knee pain is often dull and aching, worsening with activity. Morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes is joint in rheumatoid arthritis.


Swelling and Warmth: The knee joint may appear swollen and feel warm due to inflammation. Arthritis-related swelling is often recurrent and may vary in intensity.


Reduced Range of Motion: Difficulty bending or straightening the knee is a common symptom of arthritis caused by joint inflammation or cartilage damage.


Cracking or Grinding Sensation (Crepitus): A cracking or grinding sound during movement can occur when the cartilage wears down, especially in osteoarthritis.


Joint Deformities: In advanced stages of arthritis, the knee may become deformed or misaligned, such as bowing in or out of the joint.


When To Seek Medical Help?


If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis can improve arthritis management. Depending on the severity of the condition, treatment options range from physical therapy and medications to advanced surgical procedures like knee replacement.


Not every knee pain is due to arthritis, but understanding the symptoms can help determine if arthritis is the cause. Early recognition and treatment can help manage pain and preserve joint function. If knee pain persists, consult a specialist to explore your options and maintain your knee health.


Dr Mrinal Sharma is a knee surgeon with over two decades of experience. She is currently the HoD, Orthopaedic and Joint Replacement, at Amrita Hospital, Faridabad.