By Dr Sunil Bhat
Thalassaemia is a genetic blood disorder characterised by reduced production of haemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. Individuals with thalassaemia minor, often referred to as thalassaemia trait, inherit one mutated gene from either of their parents, making them carriers of the disorder. They are generally asymptomatic, as thalassaemia manifests only if the genes inherited from both parents are defective. However, understanding the nuances of managing thalassaemia minor is crucial for optimal health.
While individuals with thalassaemia minor typically lead normal lives without significant health complications, they may experience occasional mild anaemia and fatigue. Despite these challenges, most carriers adapt well to their condition and require minimal medical intervention. However, awareness and proactive management are key to maintaining optimal health.
Thalassaemia Minor Diet: What To Include
A balanced diet rich in iron, folate, and vitamin B12 is essential for individuals with thalassaemia minor to support optimal red blood cell production and mitigate symptoms of mild anaemia. It is important to understand that unlike patients with thalassaemia disease, individuals with thalassaemia minor are not at risk of iron overload. Hence, there is no need to restrict iron-rich foods in their diet. On the contrary, incorporating foods such as lean meats, leafy greens, legumes, and fortified cereals can help maintain adequate nutrient levels and promote overall well-being in them.
Avoiding Dietary Pitfalls: What To Steer Clear Of
While a nutritious diet is crucial for managing thalassaemia minor, certain dietary choices can exacerbate symptoms or interfere with iron absorption. Limiting intake of processed foods high in sugar and unhealthy fats is advisable, as they can contribute to inflammation and exacerbate fatigue. Additionally, excessive consumption of calcium-rich foods or supplements should be avoided, as they may interfere with iron absorption. If investigations suggest iron deficiency, appropriate iron supplementation must be started similar to any other person with the consultation of a physician/haematologist, in individuals with thalassaemia minor.
Empowering Individuals With Thalassemia Minor
A balanced diet plays a vital role in supporting the health and well-being of individuals with thalassemia minor. By understanding the dietary considerations and making informed choices, individuals can optimise their nutritional status and quality of life while living with this genetic blood disorder. Through awareness and proactive management, we can empower individuals with thalassaemia minor to lead fulfilling and healthy lives.
(The author is the Vice Chairman, Oncology Collegium, Narayana Health Group of Hospitals. He is also the Director and Clinical Lead, Paediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Narayana Health City Bangalore).
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