Bhoot Chaturdashi: In Bengali households, there is no end to festivals. As they gear up for Kali Puja, which is on October 31 this year, a unique ritual makes its presence felt in the Bengali homes – Bhoot Chaturdashi. Celebrated the day before Kali Puja, on the 14th day of the Kartik month according to the Hindu lunar calendar, this day marks a fascinating tradition: lighting 14 diyas (earthen lamps) and eating 14 different types of leafy greens. Observed with reverence and a dash of mystery, Bhoot Chaturdashi is believed to be a night when spirits roam free, and homes are illuminated to ward off evil energies.
The origin of Bhoot Chaturdashi is steeped in legends. It’s often associated with Goddess Kali, who is believed to roam the Earth in her fierce Chamunda form on this day, warding off malevolent forces. In another tale, Lord Krishna is said to have defeated the demon Narakasura on this day, making it a victory of light over darkness.
Why Are 14 Diyas Lit On Bhoot Chaturdashi?
The practice of lighting 14 diyas on Bhoot Chaturdashi is rooted in deep symbolism. On this day, it’s believed that various malevolent forces, including spirits and restless souls, come closer to Earth. The 14 lamps, therefore, serve as beacons, lighting up every corner of the house to dispel these spirits. In many households, the diyas are placed strategically across rooms and entryways to ensure there’s no dark corner left for these spirits to hide.
However, the lamps also hold another, more tender purpose. According to Bengali tradition, ancestors' souls descend to visit their families on this day, showering blessings on their descendants. To honour these 14 generations of forefathers, families light a diya for each generation, symbolising guidance, respect, and a warm welcome for their visit.
For those celebrating, observing Bhoot Chaturdashi starts early. Families rise before dawn, bathe, and prepare the greens, keeping aside the 14 diyas to light at dusk. Diyas are placed in each room, with particular care taken to illuminate entryways and darker corners. Evening puja is conducted, with offerings made to deities and ancestors, and prayers for protection from harmful forces.
Chaturdashi begins on Wednesday, October 30, at 12:59:43 pm, and ends on Thursday, October 31, at 3:07:42 pm.
The Tradition Of Cooking 14 Types Of Greens
Bhoot Chaturdashi is not just about lighting lamps; it’s also marked by a unique culinary ritual: eating 14 varieties of greens. This practice, known as “choddo shaak”, has both cultural and health significance. As Bengal transitions from autumn to early winter, there’s a rise in illnesses due to seasonal changes. These greens, believed to boost immunity, are seen as an antidote to the ailments that come with the changing weather.
Each green is lightly sautéed, often with minimal seasoning to retain its natural flavour and maximise its health benefits. The combination is thought to offer a powerful nutritional boost, addressing the specific needs of the season. Furthermore, it is believed that consuming these greens helps ward off negative energies.