Rathore took to his Twitter handle on Tuesday to urge the people towards adopting a fitter lifestyle.
He also asked cricketer Virat Kohli and actor Hrithik Roshan to join a social media campaign that seeks to encourage people to keep fit.
Rathore posted a video that showed him doing push-ups to press home the point.
He made a pitch for exercise on Twitter and urged netizens to share pictures and videos on the site to show how they kept fit.
"Whenever I see the prime minister, I get inspired...He wants all of India to be fit," Rathore said in the video, before starting with a round of push-ups.
"Post pictures and videos of how you keep yourself fit and send a #FitnessChallenge to your friends on social media," he tweeted.
The sports minister called on Kohli, Roshan and badminton champion Saina Nehwal to join the campaign 'HumFitTohIndiaFit'.
"Here's my video and I challenge @iHrithik, @imVkohli & @NSaina to join in," Rathore tweeted.
In reply, Virat Kohli posted a video of him doing exercise and asked his wife Anushka Sharma, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and MS Dhoni to take up the challenge further.
Actor Hrithik Roshan said this initiative makes him "so proud" and shared a video on how he commutes to his office every day.