The units with Retina display were sold primarily between September 2015 and February 2017 and can be identified by their product serial number.
Customers can get an affected 15-inch MacBook Pro battery replaced free of charge, Apple said in a statement on Thursday.
The recall does not affect any other 15-inch MacBook Pro units or other Mac notebooks.
"Apple is asking customers to stop using affected 15-inch MacBook Pro units. Customers should visit apple.com/support/15-inch-macbook-pro-battery-recall for details on product eligibility and how to have a battery replaced, free of charge," said the company.
Apple issued a similar replacement programme last year for newer 13-inch Pros over issues related to battery expansion.
According to Apple famed analyst Ming-Chi Kuo, the tech giant would release an "all-new" 16-inch MacBook Pro later this year.
Battery issues are not uncommon and Samsung had to recall its Galaxy Note 7 smartphones in 2017 owing to batteries catching fire.