The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). When the thyroid is underactive, as in hypothyroidism, it can lead to a series of metabolic disruptions that influence body weight. However, it is important to understand that once it is treated and the hormone level stays in the normal range, there may still be weight gain or oedema. But, that is not due to hypothyroidism. It can be because of other causes such as poor lifestyle and diet control, reduced exercise or genetic influences and/or obesity.
How Hypothyroidism Can Result In Weight Gain:
Talking about how hypothyroidism can result in weight gain, Dr. Mohit Sharma, Senior Consultant, Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Hospital, Faridabad says, "Reduced thyroid hormone levels can slow down the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is the amount of energy the body needs at rest to maintain essential functions like breathing and maintaining body temperature. A lower BMR means the body burns fewer calories at rest, making it easier for excess calories to be stored as fat.
"Moreover, hypothyroidism affects the efficiency of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Insufficient thyroid hormones can hinder the breakdown of carbohydrates, leading to increased blood sugar levels and a greater likelihood of excess glucose being stored as fat. Additionally, impaired fat metabolism may result in the accumulation of fat in adipose tissues," he adds.
Dr. Sharma also says that the hormonal imbalance in hypothyroidism can affect appetite regulation. "Thyroid hormones influence the production and action of various neurotransmitters, including serotonin, changes in which can lead to alterations in mood and appetite, potentially causing increased food intake and cravings for high-calorie, often unhealthy, foods."
How To Manage Weight Gain/Loss As A Result of Thyroid Disorder:
Hypothyroidism, characterized by an underactive thyroid, often leads to weight gain, while hyperthyroidism, marked by an overactive thyroid, may result in weight loss. Successfully managing weight with a thyroid disorder involves a comprehensive approach that includes lifestyle adjustments, dietary changes, and medical interventions.
Dr. Tejeswini Deepak, MBBS, MD - General Medicine, Fellow of American College of Endocrinology(FACE), and General Physician at Apollo Spectra Hospital, Bangalore lists the following tips to manage weight if you are diagnosed with a thyroid disorder.
1. Consult with a Medical Expert
The first step in managing weight changes associated with thyroid disorders is seeking guidance from a medical expert. A thorough evaluation, including blood tests and a comprehensive medical history, will help determine the specific thyroid condition and its impact on metabolism.
2. Balanced Nutrition
Adopting a well-balanced diet is crucial for managing weight in thyroid disorders. Incorporate nutrient-dense foods such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Monitor iodine intake, as the thyroid relies on this mineral for hormone production.
3. Regular Exercise
Engaging in regular physical activity can help regulate metabolism and aid in weight management. Both aerobic exercises and strength training can help regulate metabolism and contribute to weight management.
4. Medication Management
Thyroid disorders are often treated with medication to regulate hormone levels. Adhering to prescribed medications is crucial for stabilising thyroid function and, subsequently, managing weight. Regular follow-ups with the medical expert are essential to adjust medication levels as needed.
5. Stress Management
Stress can exacerbate thyroid disorders and contribute to weight fluctuations. Adopting stress-reduction practices such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises can have a positive impact on overall well-being. Adequate sleep is also essential for managing stress and supporting weight management.
Diet To Help With Thyroid-Related Weight Problems:
Talking about this, Dietician Umang Malhotra listed the following food items that you can include/remove in your diet to help control thyroid-related weight problems:
- Foods rich in iodine: Iodine is essential for thyroid function. Include iodine-containing foods in your diet, such as seaweed, fish, dairy products, and iodized salt.
- Selenium-rich foods: Selenium is essential for the conversion of thyroid hormones. Brazil nuts, fish, turkey and whole grains are good sources of selenium.
- Fibre-rich foods: Fibre supports digestive health and helps with weight management. Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes in your diet.
- Processed foods: Processed foods often contain additives and preservatives that may affect thyroid function. Choose whole, unprocessed foods instead.
- Food items high in sugar and refined carbohydrates: Sugary foods and refined carbohydrates can cause blood sugar to spike and lead to weight gain. Instead, choose complex carbohydrates like whole grains.
- Foods high in saturated and trans fats: High-fat foods should be limited, especially those containing saturated and trans fats. Choose healthy fats from nuts, seeds and avocados.