The unnamed academic faces charges of illegal possession of human remains. He told Italian border police on Monday that he bought the skull for 50 euros at a bazaar in Rome's historic centre, Il Messaggero daily reported.
The skull was detected during scans of the academic's hand luggage at Fiumicino airport's Terminal 1 as he headed to catch a flight to Dusseldorf.
Police forensic police seized the skull, whose jawbone is missing, and were trying to identify it.