Vision Loss In Diabetes Can Be Prevented, Early Detection Of Diabetic Retinopathy Is Key

World Diabetes Day 2024: Diabetic Retinopathy is a prevalent threat in India. Its silent progression can lead to vision loss & even blindness. Early detection & timely medical intervention are crucial

Dr. Asim Kumar Ghosh

World Diabetes Day 2024: Diabetes affects more than just the blood sugar. If left unchecked, it can silently threaten your vision too. In India, where diabetes affects millions, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) remains an often-ignored complication, which requires urgent attention. DR is an eye condition that can occur in people with diabetes, when high blood sugar levels cause damage to the blood vessels in the retina. If this issue is not treated in time, it can further lead to vision loss and, in serious cases, cause complete blindness. The real danger of diabetic retinopathy lies in its silent progression, often showing no symptoms until significant vision loss has already occurred.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that diabetic retinopathy accounts for about 4% of global blindness cases, affecting 1.8 million people. And with India projected to reach 80 million diabetics by 2030, the highest of any country, we are at the forefront among developing nations in implementing programmes to prevent diabetic blindness. With one of the largest diabetic populations in the world, India faces a formidable threat from diabetic retinopathy, which significantly increases the risk of vision impairment and blindness among millions.

To combat the rising health crisis of diabetic retinopathy in India, a comprehensive strategy is fundamental, one that emphasises regular eye check-ups, access to advanced treatments, and widespread awareness campaigns. By prioritising early detection and timely intervention, we can effectively prevent vision loss and enhance the quality of life for those living with diabetes.

Annual Check-Ups For Early Detection

If you have diabetes, it's important to see an eye doctor at least once a year for a complete eye examination. These check-ups can help find early signs of diabetic retinopathy before it causes serious damage to retina. By spotting symptoms early, we can take steps to protect eyesight and avoid bigger problems. So, it’s better to not delay and schedule your eye exam to keep your vision healthy!

Critical Need For Awareness

Raising awareness is essential in the fight against diabetic retinopathy (DR), as it empowers individuals to recognise risk factors and seek timely screening and treatment. Community outreach programmes can help educate patients about the risks of DR and explain why regular eye check-ups are important, motivating more individuals to get the care they need on time. It is also vital to encourage patients by teaching them how to manage their diabetes effectively. When people understand how to keep their blood sugar levels in check, they can lower their chances of developing complications like DR. Increased public understanding can lead to earlier detection, better management, and ultimately, a reduction in vision loss associated with this condition. 

What Are The Treatments Available?

For people diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy (DR), there are several advanced treatment options available to help manage the condition. 
One common treatment is laser therapy, which uses focused light to target and seal off unhealthy blood vessels in the retina, preventing further damage. In some cases, doctors may give injections directly into the eye to block proteins that cause these abnormal blood vessels to grow. 

One of the complications of DR is Diabetic macular edema (DME). DME can occur at any stage of diabetic retinopathy, although it is more likely to occur as the disease progresses. Symptoms of DME include blurred vision, double vision, loss of contrast and floaters patches of vision loss, which may appear as small black dots or lines "floating" across the front of the eye. 

Among the treatments for DME, faricimab is effective for treating swelling in the eye caused by diabetes. It simultaneously targets two key pathways — Ang-2 and VEGF-A — thereby protecting retinal health and allowing for fewer injections with longer-lasting effects. The flexible dosing approach alleviates the treatment burden for patients, enhancing their convenience and compliance.

While these treatments can help stabilise vision and even restore some sight, surgery may be needed to repair the retina and improve vision if DR has caused serious damage. 

To effectively address diabetic retinopathy and prevent vision loss, a multi-stakeholder approach is crucial. Healthcare providers, government agencies, and patients must work together to promote awareness, facilitate early detection through regular eye check-ups, and ensure that individuals with diabetes have access to appropriate treatment options. 

Dr. Asim Kumar Ghosh is Director and Professor, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College Hospital Campus, Kolkata.

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]