(By Dr. Manish Kumar, General and Laproscopic Surgeon, ILS Hospitals, Howrah)


What Is Thyroid Cancer:


Thyroid cancer typically presents as a swelling or lump in the neck area, which is often the first noticeable symptom. This swelling may or may not be painful initially. As the cancer progresses, it may cause additional symptoms:


Pain in the Neck: Some individuals may experience discomfort or pain in the front of the neck, which can occasionally radiate up to the ears.
Voice Changes: Due to the proximity of the thyroid gland to the vocal cords, the growth of a thyroid tumor can lead to changes in the voice, such as hoarseness or a raspy tone.
Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): As the tumor enlarges, it can press against the esophagus, making it difficult for the person to swallow food or liquids.
Breathing Difficulties: If the tumor presses on the trachea (windpipe), it can lead to difficulty breathing or a sensation of constriction in the throat.


Preventive Measures And Actions:


To reduce the risk of thyroid cancer or manage it effectively:



  • Avoid Unnecessary Exposure to Radiation: Excessive or unnecessary exposure to radiation, particularly in the head and neck region, should be minimised. This includes exposure from medical imaging procedures like X-rays and CT scans, especially in children.

  • Early Consultation with a Doctor: If any of the symptoms such as a lump in the neck, unexplained pain, voice changes, or difficulty swallowing appear, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional immediately.

  • Early detection is key in managing and treating thyroid cancer effectively.


Causes And Effects Of Thyroid Cancer


Causes:



  • Family History of Thyroid Cancer: A genetic predisposition can play a significant role in the development of thyroid cancer. If close family members have had thyroid cancer or certain types of cancer syndromes, the risk increases.

  • Iodine-Deficient Diet: The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce thyroid hormones. A diet low in iodine can lead to thyroid disorders, including cancer.

  • Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to radiation therapy, particularly to the head and neck region during childhood or adolescence, increases the risk of developing thyroid cancer.


Effects:



  • Swelling and Pain in the Neck: One of the primary symptoms is a noticeable swelling or lump in the neck area, which may or may not be painful.

  • Potential Spread to Other Organs: If thyroid cancer is left untreated, it can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, bones, or lymph nodes, making it more challenging to treat and potentially life-threatening.


[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]