Stroke in the young has a disproportionately large economic impact by leaving victims disabled before their most productive years. There are primarily two types of strokes: Ischemic and Hemorrhagic. In the young, ischemic strokes are more common when compared to hemorrhagic strokes. However, both types of strokes can occur in young individuals, and both are equally dangerous.
Patients under the age of 40 fall into the category of a "stroke in the young age group." In these cases, apart from the typical risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol use, there is a significant need to investigate other potential causes.
In this regard, Dr. N Thamil Pavai who is a Neurologist, at Apollo Clinic, Anna Nagar, Chennai said, "The prevalence of standard modifiable vascular risk factors in young stroke patients is different from that in older patients. Prevention is the primary treatment strategy aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality related to stroke. Therefore, primary prevention is very important with regard to stroke in young adults, and aggressive treatment of lifestyle risk factors like tobacco, physical inactivity, poor diet, heavy or heavy episodic alcohol consumption, IIIicit drug abuse is very essential."
Why Strokes Occur In Children?
According to Dr. Narayanaswamy, Founder and Medical Director at Athreya Hospital and a pediatrician, "Pediatric strokes are a complex medical issue, and it's crucial to understand why they occur in children. Unlike adult strokes, pediatric strokes come with their own set of causes and challenges. Ischemic strokes, which involve blood clots or blockages in the brain's blood vessels, are the most common type in children. These can be triggered by congenital heart defects, sickle cell disease, infections like meningitis, head injuries, certain blood disorders, arterial dissection, and inflammatory conditions such as vasculitis. Haemorrhagic strokes, while less common, are often more severe and result from bleeding in or around the brain.'
Risk Factors Of Strokes In Children:
Dr. Narayanaswamy said, "Several factors contribute to the vulnerability of children to these conditions. Age plays a significant role, with infants and adolescents being more at risk. Family history and underlying health conditions, like diabetes or obesity, can amplify the chances of a pediatric stroke. Medications may also increase the risk.
"Recognising the signs of pediatric stroke is critical for early intervention. These signs include sudden weakness or numbness, difficulty speaking, severe headaches, trouble walking, and vision changes. Diagnosing pediatric stroke involves thorough examinations, including neurological assessments, imaging like MRI or CT scans, blood tests, and EEGs to evaluate electrical brain activity," he added.
Talking about the treatment, he said, "Treatment is typically multidisciplinary, involving neurologists, haematologists, and specialists. It may include clot-busting medications, surgery, physical and occupational therapy, and long-term medication."
"Pediatric strokes can have lasting consequences, such as physical disabilities, cognitive and learning difficulties, epilepsy, emotional and behavioral challenges, and a risk of recurrence. Early recognition, prompt treatment, and ongoing support are crucial for the best possible outcomes in young stroke survivors. Awareness of these unique factors is vital for parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to ensure that affected children receive the care and attention they need," he added.
How Can The Younger Generation Prevent The Occurrence Of Stroke?
Dr. Abhinav Raina, who is a Consultant - Neurology, at Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore said, "The younger generation can prevent the occurrence of stroke by incorporating regular exercise into their daily lives. Youngsters can start by engaging themselves in a minimum of 30 minutes of morning and evening walking. Ideally, if they can allocate some time for exercise within a 24-hour period, it would be highly beneficial."
"Furthermore, it's essential to steer clear of what we refer to as the 'Five S's' - Sleep, Stress, Salt, Smoking, and Sweet. This includes being diligent about sugar, particularly if one has diabetes, proactively managing hypertension, quitting smoking and alcohol, and addressing obesity. Maintaining a normal BMI and a fit, athletic body is imperative. A healthy diet complements these efforts. By focusing on these aspects, we can promote overall well-being."
Perinatal Strokes In Newborns:
Dr Amit Gupta, who is a Senior Consultant Paediatrician & Neonatologist, at Motherhood Hospital, Noida said, "Perinatal strokes, a relatively rare but significant occurrence in neonatal medicine, encompass strokes that transpire around the time of birth, affecting infants in their first few days of life. The causes of perinatal strokes are multifaceted, including factors such as blood clots, maternal health conditions (e.g., preeclampsia, diabetes), infections, birth trauma, and congenital heart defects."
"These strokes lead to the disruption of blood flow to the baby's brain, resulting in a lack of oxygen and essential nutrients, which can have long-term consequences on the child's neurological development. Early recognition of perinatal strokes is paramount. Symptoms can be subtle, including seizures, limb weakness, feeding difficulties, or abnormal movements. Timely diagnosis often involves neuroimaging, such as MRI or CT scans," he added.
Talking about the management of perinatal strokes, he said that a multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of perinatal strokes, with neonatologists, pediatric neurologists, and neonatal care teams collaborating to provide specialized care. Treatment may involve anticoagulation therapy or supportive care, with a focus on optimizing neurodevelopment.
Fortunately, with early intervention and comprehensive care, many infants who experience perinatal strokes can show remarkable progress and lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support. It is essential for healthcare professionals to stay vigilant and well-informed about this condition to ensure the best possible outcomes for affected newborns.
[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]
