(Written by Dr Lekha Viswanath, Chief Lactation Expert, Amrita Hospital, Faridabad)
Breastfeeding, a natural and nurturing act, stands as a remarkable shield against neonatal mortality and ailments, as attested by a wealth of research evidence. As expectant mothers eagerly anticipate the arrival of their bundles of joy, a treasury of insights awaits them to navigate the realm of breastfeeding with confidence and success. From the golden hour of initiation to the nuances of proper latching, from the nutritional marvel of colostrum to the dietary considerations during lactation, here are some facts that every breastfeeding mother must read.
Initiation Of Breastfeeding
World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNICEF recommend early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and to continue feeding for at least two years. But the global prevalence of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding is about 50 per cent. About 80 per cent of breastfed babies continue for up to one year and less than 60 per cent for two years. The first hour of birth is known as the golden hour for breastfeeding. Immediately after birth the babies are active and have the capacity to crawl to the breast, latch to the breast and initiate suckling. Starting breastfeeding in the first hour helps not only in establishing breastfeeding but also benefits the mother by reducing bleeding following birth.
Nutritional Benefits And Frequency Of Breastfeeding
Expectant parents should understand that breastmilk alone can meet the nutritional requirement of the baby in the initial six months. In the early days after birth, the size of the newborn stomach is of a cherry which can grow up to an egg size over the period of one month.
So, the small amount of colostrum (the yellow-coloured breast milk secreted in the first 2-4 days) in the initial days is sufficient for the baby. The colostrum contains nutrition factors, immune factors and growth factors required for the baby, which makes it the most precious feed for the baby. The babies need small and frequent feedings throughout the day, usually every 1-3 hours in the first week and 2-4 hours in the subsequent weeks, considering the small amount of milk they can take in each time. Frequent feeding and emptying of breast is important maintain breastfeeding as the sucking stimulate the neuro-hormonal response stimulating breastmilk production and secretion.
Technique And Position For Breastfeeding
‘Latching’ is the attachment of the mouth of the baby to the breast. Mother should know that the correct latching involves sealing the areola (the dark-coloured area around the nipple) by the mouth, which helps proper sucking and prevent the entry of air. While breastfeeding, mothers should assume a comfortable position maintaining good body posture and ensuring the visibility of baby’s face. Sitting on a couch or chair with back well supported and the baby held in mothers arm with head, shoulder and back supported is the preferred position for breastfeeding.
Pillows can be placed in the mothers lap to support the baby till mother becomes confident in holding the baby. This position allows mother the hold the baby with one arm and support the breast with other arm during the feeding. It allows the mother to observe the baby for correct latching, sucking and swallowing. It is important to note that the breast does not occlude the baby’s nose during feeding. Looking at and talking to the baby can promote mother-infant bonding which in turn can help in breastmilk secretion. Feeding the baby in lying down position is not recommended and it should be limited to initial days when the mother is too tired.
Nutrition During Breastfeeding
During breastfeeding, it's essential to maintain a balanced and nutritious diet to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the nursing infant. A well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats is generally recommended during pregnancy and postnatal period to support optimal breastfeeding and overall maternal health. Mothers should avoid drinking alcohol during this period. While most foods are generally safe to consume, some breastfeeding mothers may find that certain foods could potentially cause discomfort or allergic reactions in their babies. To avoid potential issues, it's advisable to limit or avoid foods that are known to commonly trigger reactions in the mother.
Hydration During Breastfeeding
Staying properly hydrated during breastfeeding is crucial for both the nursing mother and her baby's well-being. Breastfeeding can increase a mother's fluid needs, so it's important to drink an adequate amount of water throughout the day. Dehydration can potentially affect milk supply and composition. To ensure optimal hydration, breastfeeding mothers should aim to drink water regularly, especially during and after nursing sessions. Thirst is a good indicator of when to drink, and clear or pale urine colour is a sign of proper hydration. Including hydrating foods such as fruits, vegetables, and soups can also contribute to fluid intake. While it's important to stay hydrated, excessive fluid intake is not necessary. As always, listening to one's body and responding to its cues is key to maintaining the right level of hydration while breastfeeding.
Antenatal Preparation For Breastfeeding
Antenatal preparation is the most important factor which influence successful breast feeding. The expectant parents should plan and prepare for breastfeeding by gathering adequate information and making informed choices. Mother’s decision to breastfeed can significantly influence breastfeeding. The correct positioning of the mother and baby during feeding, techniques of breastfeeding, signs of adequacy feeding, diet during pregnancy and lactation, and prevention and management of common breastfeeding problems are important information the mothers should get as a part of preparing for breastfeeding. Working mothers shall learn about the process of expressing, storing and feeding expressed milk.
It is also important to have breast assessed during pregnancy, to identify and correct problems like flat or inverted nipples, which can negatively affect breastfeeding. Attending a breastfeeding preparation programme or advice from the consultants can help the expectant parents to gain adequate knowledge regarding breastfeeding and to get their concerns addressed, thereby helping them gain confidence and to make informed decisions.
Research has underscored the life-saving potential of breastfeeding, notably reducing neonatal mortality and diseases. To effectively embark on this journey, prospective mothers should arm themselves with essential knowledge. By embracing these insights, mothers can embark on a breastfeeding journey that nurtures both physical health and emotional bonding.
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