Smoking: Smoking tobacco is the leading cause of lung cancer and the risk is directly related to the duration and intensity of smoking.
Secondhand Smoke: Breathing in the smoke exhaled by others can increase the risk of lung cancer, particularly in nonsmokers.
Occupational Exposures: Exposure to carcinogens in the workplace, such as asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, and some organic chemicals, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
Air Pollution: Prolonged exposure to high levels of outdoor air pollution has been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.
Radon Gas: Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of radon is a significant risk factor for lung cancer.
Family History: Individuals with a family history of lung cancer may have a slightly higher risk, as there may be a genetic predisposition to the disease.
Previous Lung Diseases: Lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
Personal History of Lung Cancer: Survivors of lung cancer are at a higher risk of developing a second primary lung cancer.
Personal and Lifestyle Factors: A diet high in fruits and vegetables may have a protective effect, while diets high in processed and red meats may increase risk.
Gender and Age: Lung cancer is more common in older individuals, and historically, it has been more common in men than women.
Genetics and Molecular Factors: Recent research has identified specific genetic mutations and molecular factors that can increase the risk of lung cancer.
Inputs by: Dr.Sharat Chandra Reddy, who is a Radiation Oncologist, CARE Cancer Institute, at CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad