New Delhi: March 12 marks the 30th anniversary of the 1993 serial bomb blasts in Mumbai (then Bombay), in which hundreds of people were killed and thousands were injured after a series of 12 coordinated bomb blasts ripped through the city at various locations.
It all started on the afternoon of March 12 at 1.30 pm after an explosives-packed automobile blew off in the basement of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) building. The explosions shocked the city's most crowded places and lasted for a little over two hours, from 1:30 pm to 3:40 pm.
Other places that were targetted during the attack included the Fisherman's Colony in Mahim causeway, Zaveri Bazaar, Plaza Cinema, Century Bazaar, Katha Bazaar, Hotel Sea Rock, the Air India Building, Hotel Juhu Centaur, Worli and the Passport Office.
Barely 100 minutes later, the country's commercial capital was on its knees, the police launched investigations, politicians gave speeches and the final (official) bloodied body count stood at 257, another 1,400 injured and some others 'missing'.
Soon, it came to light that the Mumbai terror blasts were out of 'vendetta' for the barbaric two-phased communal riots of December 1992 - January 1993 that shook the city as a fallout of the demolition of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya.
One of India's most sought-after criminals, Dawood Ibrahim and another gangster Tiger Memon were revealed to be the mastermind behind the blasts, along with the city's dreaded mafias, with help from a variety of cops and customs officials, unknown Pakistanis, and even a prominent film star - all of whom orchestrated the country's deadliest and biggest (in terms of casualties) terror strike ever.
The country then watched the longest legal trial unwinding with the Special Public Prosecutors like Ujjwal Nikam and Deepak Salvi, challenged by topnotch lawyers on the defence side, including Majeed Memon and others in the Special Courts, later Bombay High Court and even the Supreme Court for various accused.
Tiger Memon's brother Yakub Memon was imprisoned in 1994. He was found guilty of conspiring, organising and funding training, and buying cars used for the bombings. He was convicted and awarded a death sentence in July 2007.
He was hanged at Nagpur Prison on July 30, 2015.
But his brother Tiger Memon, who is the prime suspect in the 1993 Bombay blasts along with Dawood Ibrahim, continues to remain at large to date.
As things appeared to normalise, Mumbai was again caught napping on a cool evening of November 26, 2008 -- when it became the theatre of a dastardly terror strike that killed 175 (including nine terrorists) -- which ended after over 60 hours.
Though separated by 15 years -- and even a 'century' on the calendar -- the ultra-hits on Mumbai had glaring differences and similarities -- as comparisons between them became inevitable over the years.
For instance, the two strikes came when the city seemed completely off-guard, one on a weekend-leading Friday afternoon and the other on a mid-week Wednesday evening, both saw the smuggling of explosives quietly and terrorists sneaking in unhindered from the unlikely and unguarded Arabian Sea route.
In 1993 bombs were placed by hired foot-soldiers at 12 strategic locations spanning the length of the city and partly into the suburbs, but in 2008, sophisticated automatic weapons were used by the 10 Pakistani fidayeens to spray bullets on the gullible people in a surgical manner covering a tiny area of south Mumbai.
The first one (1993) saw the perpetrators quietly planting the RDX bombs at 12 selected spots and scooting, with some lowly operatives later pressing the trigger in tandem with others, the second one (2008) witnessed the trigger-happy attackers coming headlong, randomly raining bullets or lobbing grenades at 12 targeted locations, often in direct 'encounters' with the Indian security personnel.
The ratty Mumbai mafia secretively, but allegedly supported by Pakistan, implemented the 100-minute-long 1993 blasts, but in 2008 10 heavily-armed Pakistani gunmen, knowingly or unknowingly helped by the Mumbai mafiosi holed up in that country, executed the 60-hour-long operation.
After 1993, several of the prime movers-and-shakers like Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar and Ibrahim Mushtaq Abdul Razzaq Memon, alias 'Tiger Memon', and other fearsome ones still elude the Indian laws, and post-2008, baddies like Lashkar-e-Taiba's Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi is at large and remains among India's 'Most Wanted'.
Both terror hits case trials -- 1993 and 2008 -- have practically ended and may be revived as and when the other absconding accused can be brought here and tried.
Mumbai after 1993 remained vulnerable and faced another half-dozen strikes like -- two killed in a Ghatkopar BEST bus bomb blast (December 2002), one killed in a bicycle bomb explosion (January 2003), 10 killed in Mulund suburban train blast (March 2003), four blown up a bus bomb explosion in Ghatkopar (July 2003), 50 snuffed out in the twin bomb blasts at Zaveri Bazar and Gateway of India (August 2003), and the monstrous killer bombs planted in seven suburban trains killing 209 commuters (July 2006).
However, things seemed to have improved after 2008 terror strikes with only one major incident reported from Mumbai -- the killing of 26 people in the coordinated triple blasts one each at Opera House, Zaveri Bazar and Dadar (July 2011) in 10 minutes.
Other debates also continue -- on the demands to reveal the N.N. Vohra Committee Report after the 1993 explosions, certain investigations into the suspected role of political or bureaucratic elements, their alleged underworld links, which remain under the wraps... till date.
A silver lining is that after 1993, the government ruthlessly hounded the mafia, hundreds of gangsters were eliminated in 'encounter kills' -- which later became controversial as 'contract murders', the hold of the mafia slipped a lot, broad daylight gang-wars are history, though there are the occasional rumours of bigwigs getting extortion threats from the underworld, but they probably prefer to silently concur and endure.
After 2008, Mumbai has become a lot more vigilant, people alert and aware, the police and other agencies better equipped to deal with a similar onslaught in future, the coastal borders now more patrolled and secure with modern aircraft, boats, ships and ultra-sophisticated communication, etc.
Yet, a full 30 years after March 12, 1993, many who witnessed or survived the bomb attacks, still shudder and shiver, offering silent gratitude for their own 'escape' from certain death.
(With inputs from IANS)