The dog's body was found covered with stickers bearing the BJP's symbol and the message "Modi Lao, Desh Bachao" (Vote for Modi and save the country), a local police official said.
As the polling was underway, police had received a complaint about the dog and his master who were roaming around the town, he said.
A case was registered against Choudhary under section 171 (A) of the IPC for violation of election rules which prohibit campaigning on polling day.
The police have asked the municipal corporation to take custody of the dog, the official added.