Sickle Cell Awareness Day 2024: Cause, Symptoms And All You Need To Know About The Disease

In sickle cell anaemia, some red blood cells become crescent-shaped, resembling sickles. These abnormal cells are rigid and sticky, impeding the smooth flow of blood and causing various complications.

Only a bone marrow transplant is a definitive cure for sickle cell anemia. Nevertheless, there are treatments available to manage the symptoms and prevent associated complications.

Common symptoms include:

Anaemia: Sickle cells have a shorter lifespan compared to healthy red blood cells. Sickle cells die within 10 to 20 days instead of the usual 120-day lifespan, resulting in a shortage of red blood cells and cause fatigue.

Pubertal Delays: Sickle cell anaemia impedes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients necessary for growth, potentially slowing development in children and delaying puberty in teenagers.

Problems with vision: The tiny blood vessels supplying the eyes may become obstructed by sickle cells, potentially causing damage to the retina and leading to vision problems.

Recurrent infections: Sickle cells can damage the spleen, reducing its ability to fight off infections. This makes those suffering from the condition more vulnerable to bacterial infections like pneumonia.

When should I see a doctor?

If you or your child experience symptoms of sickle cell anaemia, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.

Children with sickle cell anaemia are prone to infections, which can quickly become life-threatening.

In particular, a fever exceeding 101.5°F (38.5°C) requires immediate medical attention.

Furthermore, certain symptoms necessitate emergency care, such as those indicative of a stroke.

Inputs By: Dr. Sweta Lunkad, Consultant, Haematology, Jupiter Hospital, Pune