The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. Despite its size, it plays a major role in keeping the body functioning smoothly. It produces essential hormones that support energy levels, metabolism, heartbeat regulation, and overall hormonal harmony.
This tiny gland governs some of the body's most important processes. It regulates metabolism, manages body temperature, keeps hormone levels balanced, and influences weight control. When the thyroid is imbalanced, it can cause fatigue, weight gain, mood issues, and various health complications.
Studies show that thyroid problems occur 8 to 10 times more frequently in women. This significant difference is linked to female hormonal patterns and immune responses, which make women more vulnerable to thyroid fluctuations throughout their lives.
Many factors contribute to higher thyroid risk among women. From hormonal shifts to family history and nutritional deficiencies, several internal and external triggers can weaken thyroid function. Understanding these causes helps in early detection and prevention.
Women experience constant hormonal changes during menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause. These fluctuations directly affect thyroid functioning. Sudden shifts in oestrogen and progesterone may disrupt thyroid hormone production, increasing the risk of hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disorders.
During pregnancy, the thyroid works harder to support both mother and baby. This increased demand can aggravate existing thyroid issues or trigger new ones. Many women experience postpartum thyroiditis due to sudden hormonal changes after delivery.
If thyroid problems run in the family, especially in the mother, sister, or grandmother, the chances of a woman developing thyroid issues rise significantly. Genetic predisposition plays a major role in autoimmune thyroid disorders like Hashimoto’s and Graves’ disease.
Iodine is essential for proper thyroid hormone production. Inadequate iodine intake prevents the gland from working efficiently and may lead to swelling of the neck (goitre) and long-term thyroid imbalance. Women with poor dietary iodine are at higher risk.
Chronic stress raises cortisol levels in the body, which interferes with thyroid hormone production and conversion. High cortisol slows metabolism, triggers fatigue, and may contribute to thyroid disorders over time. Women juggling work, home, and emotional responsibilities often face higher stress levels.