Hyperpigmentation is the most prevalent skin problem of pregnancy, and it manifests typically as melasma or the 'mask of pregnancy.' It comes in the form of dark blotches on the face, mainly on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip, due to the overproduction of melanin.
Too much of hormones, especially progesterone, can cause oil production to rise and result in pregnancy acne. Some women have improved skin, while others develop more breakouts, especially in the first and second trimesters.
As the body quickly enlarges to support the growing fetus, the skin is stretched, and stretch marks form. The red, pink, or purple spots most commonly appear on the abdomen, breasts, thighs, and hips.
A few women during pregnancy may have skin sensitivity or itching, particularly on the breasts and abdomen. In a few instances, pregnancy-related conditions like PUPPP (Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy) may cause itching and rashes.
The increased blood volume and venous pressure can lead to the development of varicose veins, particularly in the legs. Spider vein, tiny red or blue surface vessels — also develop in a few women.
Since pregnancy hormones raise the susceptibility of the skin to hyperpigmentation, careful use of broad-spectrum sunscreen (30 or higher) is necessary. The use of caps and avoidance of sun exposure is also necessary for the prevention of melasma from being exacerbated.
Mild, perfume-free face cleansers and moisturisers will help to balance pimple-prone or sensitive skin. Avoidance of irritation accompanies the avoidance of excessive exfoliation and alcohol-based products.
Drinking sufficient water and adopting a balanced diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E could lead to healthy skin. Foods that promote collagen like nuts, seeds, and vegetables help to enhance skin elasticity and avert stretch marks.
Recurrent use of cocoa butter, shea butter, or almond oil may maintain skin hydration and potentially minimise the extent of stretch marks. Massaging gently can also enhance blood circulation and alleviate itching.
Prolonged itching, chronic rashes, or abnormal skin lesions need to be assessed by a healthcare professional to exclude conditions like intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) or gestational pemphigoid.
Dr Mohna Chauhan, Dermatologist, Prakash Hospital